Read the article published by the Huffington Post in May 2013

Please read the article published by the Huffington Post in May 2013 -when Sebastião Salgado's photographs were exhibited in London- and answer the questions.

1 Which of the following is not said in the text?

a      Humans tend to divide time artificially.

b      Human beings are deemed to be the dominant species.

c      Some people feel they are prisoners on a planet without enough resources.

d      People do not realize that we walk on and inhabit a flat earth.

2 What does Mr Salgado's work explore?

a     The 32 most fragile countries on the planet.

b     The way humans view and relate to this fragile planet.

c     Some unspoilt areas that are still unknown.

d     The ignorance of self-destructive human instincts.

3 What does the curator remark?

a     That each photograph should be contemplated individually.

b     That the visitors should not be guided.

c     That Salgado's camera has special lenses and shutters.

d     That visitors should spend several hours looking at the photographs.

4 Photos about tribal life include:

a      a picture of Yali people's houses on trees

b      Korowais living in groups of eight families per house

c      Yali women wearing skirts

d      Botswana tribe men dancing before a battle

5 The word 'bigoted' in paragraph 6 means:

a      having a moustache

b      prejudiced

c      walking on two legs

d      of high military rank

6 Penguins

a      are at risk because of vanishing ice

b      emit vapours through their nostrils

c      weigh between 30 and 50 tonnes

d      were photographed upon icebergs

7 Mr Salgado's legacy includes:

a      an environmental award

b      a decrease of trimming of both forests and water resources

c      his gratitude to a Brazilian mining company

d      an opportunity to increase people's awareness of the beauty, wisdom and unknown stories existing today

Genesis by Sebastião Salgado: Exhibition Review

Huffington Post UK

May 19, 2013

Our tiny planet earth incessantly spins; some times as we are stood, we are hanging outwards to the southern universe and pulled upwards by earth's stern fatherly gravity, whilst at other times we are perhaps pointing westwards, eastwards or we never know in which direction of the galaxy. Yet, we continue to believe that we walk on and inhabit a flat earth, that we humans are the ruling creatures, that we could divide this ancient soul's lifespan by BCs unpredictable and ADs to come, that nation-state boundaries always existed like criss-crossed lines on an elderly grandmother's face, that over two hundred countries and territories is all that sums its land and waters, that we need to venture out into the space to ascertain we are not alone; we feel locked on this planet with more waters than land for ever-multiplying humans and their needs. Do we know enough?

Genesis, an unfathomable eight-year long work, that took the Brazilian documentary photographer Sebastião Salgado to 32 countries, explores the earth in the way it must have originated and the way its vast undiscovered stretches have remained untouched. It asks us, the humans, to question our view of this world and our relationship with this fragile planet that is powerful enough to create, sustain as well as destroy; but it is equally powerless when stood in front of the extents to which the ignorant and self-destructive human instincts have accelerated. 200 of Salgado's photographs from Genesis are on display at the National History Museum, London, until 8th September 2013.

There are about five sections across which these photographs have been spanned out: Planet South, Sanctuaries, Africa, Amazonia and Pantanal, and Northern Spaces. As curator Lélia Wanick Salgado remarks, each of these photographs capture our world 'in all its unspoiled grandeur'. Therefore, to contemplate upon every photograph at the exhibition is a task that is better left to the audience, so that they can make sense of the associated meaning very personally. But what stands out across all these photographs is the prodigiously overwhelming beauty, landscapes and the stories Sebastião Salgado has captured from a comparably diminutive camera lens, and locked a naked majestic world in his camera shutters. There is a very inviting and entangling intimacy in all of his photographs that one can spend several hours looking at.

From a large number of extraordinary and gripping photographs in Genesis, a few of them are as follows. Volcano photographs include pictures of the lava cactus plant found on the barren lava flows at Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, vegetation on the slopes of over 4,000 metre high Muhabura volcano in Uganda, and an inside-crater view of Nyiragongo volcano at the moment of explosion at the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Tribal life around Oceania and Africa include the Yali, Korowai and San, most of whom live naked except covering their genitals; their photographs invite thought and discussion as to why thousands of women and men are raped in the world's non-tribal, developed lands. It is thrilling to see that the Korowais in West Papua, Indonesia, build wooden houses and erect them on trees that are about six to twenty-five metres tall; up to eight family members live in each house, all without many clothes or sophisticated possessions. A striking picture of a Yali father and daughter, at the same region in Indonesia, demonstrates the most important clothing for these tribes are skirts for women and kotekas or penis guards for men. Equally energetic is the picture of the San tribe men in Botswana, performing their healing or trance dance that marks their entry into the world of spirits.

A fearless and scare-some leopard, stood in the Barab River Valley, stares calculatedly at the photographer in Namibia, whilst the rarest of the three species of gorillas, the mountain gorilla enjoys a full-face photograph that vividly captures its tiniest of expressions and facial details at Mount Bisoke in Rwanda. There are relentless close-up pictures of these animals unknown, whose facial expressions not only tell us that they don't need us bigoted humans who have built nuclear weapons to destroy them, they also send us a message that they have existed for millennia on their own and will continue to do so, irrespective of whoever thinks they own the territories these creatures live upon; they are the undeniable rulers of their lands, waters, icebergs and mountains.

There is a dramatic picture of the southern right whale emitting distinctive V-shaped vapours from in front of its mouth through its two separate blow holes; the vapours rise high in the air as this creature that weights between 30 and 50 tonnes makes its way ahead in the far-stretching waters around Valdes Peninsula, Argentina. On the other hand, there are pictures in a row of the chinstrap penguins from the South Sandwich Islands; how could we have ever imagined that there are around 750,000 couples of these penguins, thousands of them photographed, on snow-captured mountains at the Zavodovski Island. These penguins, who solitarily rest upon icebergs sculpted by our frail and melting earth, inhabit a planet we are yet to comprehend, and must do so before its increasingly melting ice turns into water graveyards.

This exhibition is to be visited for every single of its 200 photographs on display. The world première of Sebastião Salgado's exhibition at the National History Museum, London, brings us an unseen ancient earth, unspoiled and magnanimous, revealing untold stories and unseen wisdom that exists on our planet to preserve our future. Salgado deserves to win not just an environmental award, but also a peace prize for his work that is pulsating with his passion to protect nature and life, and to advocate sustainability in the direct words of our planet's timeless wisdom. We should be grateful to the Brazilian mining company, Vale, for their generous support to materialise this exhibition when our own grey bar-charted economy is trimming the arts funding, like elsewhere in the world, humans are trimming forests and water resources.

Glossary

to spin = to revolve, rotate, turn round, whirl, gyrate, circle

stern (gravity) = inflexible, rigorous, demanding

fatherly = compassionate, understanding, benevolent, affectionate, supportive

whilst = while

lifespan = the length of time for which a person or animal lives or a thing functions

to ascertain = to discover, fathom out, become aware of, learn

unfathomable = immeasurable, incomprehensible, incalculable, puzzling

to be spanned out = to cover, range, comprise, extend over

to stand out = to be obvious, conspicuous, stick out, be distinctive

overwhelming (beauty) = formidable, staggering, mind-boggling, huge

shutter = a device that opens and closes to expose the film in a camera

entangling (intimacy) = capturing, trapping, catching

gripping (photographs) = fascinating, thrilling, exciting, engaging, amusing

barren = unproductive, sterile, desert

slopes = hillsides, gradients

scare-some (leopard) = scary, frightening, spooky

on their own = alone, unaccompanied

chinstrap = a strap attached to a hat

graveyard = burial ground

to pulsate (with passion) = palpitate, rise and fall, beat, pound

bar-charted (economy) = economy based on trade (bar chart = código de barras

to trim = to cut off, clip, shorten, reduce, scale down

- And here's a (very good) TED Talk by Mr Salgado. His English is NOT perfect, but the English subtitles correct most of his mistakes. Nice exercise! 

http://www.ted.com/talks/sebastiao_salgado_the_silent_drama_of_photography.html